On Thursday morning, at a time when most individuals in the US have been sleeping, Jeff Bezos’ area firm despatched its first rocket into orbit.
At 2:03 a.m. Jap time, seven highly effective engines ignited on the base of a 320-foot-tall rocket named New Glenn. The flames illuminated evening into day at Cape Canaveral Area Pressure Station in Florida. The rocket, barely shifting at first, nudged upward after which accelerated in an arc over the Atlantic Ocean, lit up in blue, the colour of combustion of the rocket’s methane gasoline.
13 minutes later, the second stage of New Glenn reached orbit.
The launch was a serious success for Blue Origin, Mr. Bezos’ rocket firm. It ought to quiet critics who say that the corporate has been too gradual in contrast with Elon Musk’s SpaceX, which has dominated world spaceflight trade in recent times. New Glenn may show a reputable competitor with Mr. Musk’s firm and win launch contracts from NASA and the Division of Protection, in addition to business contracts.
For at the very least one second, nonetheless, the 2 richest individuals on the planet warmly cheered one another.
“Congratulations on reaching orbit on the primary try!” Mr. Musk wrote on X, the social media website that he owns.
“Thanks!” Mr. Bezos replied.
Mr. Bezos posted a collection of images and movies. “Stunning,” Mr. Musk commented on one of many photos.
The upward flight appeared virtually flawless, however Blue Origin’s stretch objective of touchdown the booster stage on a barge within the Atlantic Ocean failed. As deliberate, the booster fired three of its engines to decelerate, however then the stream of knowledge stopped, indicating that the booster had been misplaced.
“We’ll study quite a bit from as we speak and take a look at once more at our subsequent launch this spring,” Dave Limp, the chief government of Blue Origin, mentioned in an announcement.
For years, Mr. Bezos has talked of an formidable imaginative and prescient of tens of millions of individuals working and residing in area, sending spacecraft to the moon and constructing area stations. Skeptics, nonetheless, identified that Blue Origin had not despatched a single factor to orbit for the reason that firm was based practically a quarter-century in the past, two years earlier than SpaceX.
Now it has.
“There was cause to doubt earlier than this launch if Blue Origin really had the technical functionality,” mentioned Todd Harrison, an area coverage analyst on the American Enterprise Institute, a Washington assume tank. “And now they’ve confirmed that they do.”
Till now, Blue Origin had launched solely its smaller New Shepard rocket, which despatched area vacationers and science experiments on suborbital jaunts to the sting of area, offering a couple of minutes of floating. Mr. Bezos was among the many first passengers on a New Shepard flight in 2021.
New Glenn, named after John Glenn, the NASA astronaut who was the primary American to orbit Earth, dwarfs New Shepard. Certainly, a New Shepard may match inside New Glenn’s payload space within the nostril cone. Reaching the velocity to circle the Earth is a way more complicated activity than the New Shepard car has achieved.
“All the sudden, you’ve graduated to a brand new stage of credibility,” mentioned Phil Smith, an area trade analyst at BryceTech, a consulting agency in Alexandria, Va.
When Mr. Bezos introduced plans for the rocket, he mentioned it will be prepared by the tip of 2020. An enormous Blue Origin rocket manufacturing unit rose simply outdoors NASA’s Kennedy Area Heart in Florida, however there have been scant indicators of the rocket itself. The unique goal date got here and went.
Blue Origin was chosen to launch a NASA mission — ESCAPADE, which is to take measurements of the Martian ambiance — in October final 12 months. However NASA pulled the spacecraft off the inaugural flight when it grew to become unsure that Blue Origin could possibly be prepared in time.
As an alternative, this launch took to orbit a prototype of Blue Ring, a car that would transfer satellites round in Earth orbit. For this flight, the prototype — Blue Origin calls it a “pathfinder” — remained hooked up to the rocket’s second stage testing the communication, energy and flight pc programs.
Blue Origin says that sooner or later Blue Ring will be capable to transfer payloads between very totally different orbits, together with people who exit so far as the moon and carry out a wide range of duties.
The Blue Ring prototype labored as anticipated in the course of the six-hour mission, Blue Origin mentioned.
Blue Origin nonetheless lags far behind SpaceX in accomplishments — Mr. Musk’s firm launched greater than 100 instances final 12 months. However New Glenn may provide long-awaited competitors for SpaceX’s Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy rockets, which presently dominate the launch trade.
”The one remaining query, I believe, is how briskly they will ramp up the launch charge,” Mr. Harrison mentioned.
In an interview on Sunday, Mr. Limp mentioned that, with a profitable inaugural launch of New Glenn, Blue Origin is aiming for a second launch within the spring and that he needed six to eight launches this 12 months.
“That may be a very good 12 months for us, I believe,” he mentioned.
“Jeff would love us to do extra, so we’re pushing,” Mr. Limp added, referring to Mr. Bezos, who was sitting subsequent to him.
“That’s very reasonable,” Mr. Bezos mentioned.
One in every of Blue Origin’s contracts is with Mr. Bezos’ different firm, Amazon, to launch satellites for Venture Kuiper, a constellation of web satellites. It’s going to compete with SpaceX’s Starlink system.
Blue Origin officers haven’t but introduced what will probably be going up this 12 months, however the launches may embrace an uncrewed moon lander. Blue Origin is engaged on a spacecraft that’s to take NASA astronauts to the floor of the moon just a few years from now.
Throughout an interview final 12 months on the CBS News program “60 Minutes,” a Blue Origin official revealed that the corporate was creating a small lunar lander that it referred to as Blue Moon Mark 1, scheduled to launch to the moon in 2025.
Mr. Limp mentioned that was nonetheless the plan, and the spacecraft is presently underneath building.
A full-scale mannequin of the Mark 1 lander dominates the foyer of the Blue Origin constructing in Florida.
“It’s presupposed to go this 12 months,” Mr. Bezos mentioned. “I believe it’ll go this 12 months.”
